GROUP 2 (1ST LAB ACTIVITY)

1.What is cell?

• ❝A cell is a structural and functional unit of all living things.❞

• The cell is the basic component of all living things. The human body is made up of trillions of cells. They provide the body with structure, absorb nutrients from food, convert these nutrients into energy, and perform specialized functions. Cells also contain the body's hereditary material and can make copies of themselves.

2. How does the size of a prokaryote compared with the eukaryote?

the ability to maintain different environments inside a single cell allows eukaryotic cells to carry out complex metabolic reactions that prokaryotes cannot. In fact, it's a big part of the reason why eukaryotic cells can grow to be many times larger than prokaryotic ones.Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning its DNA is surrounded by a membrane), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions.

3. Describe the structure and function of each organelles of the cell observed with a microscope.

A. PLASMA MEMBRANE/ CELL MEMBRANE

Structure- a bilipid membraneous layer composed of proteins and carbohydrates. It is fluid like.

Function - the cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment, and is selectively permeable (controls what gets in and out). It protects the cell and provides stability.

Proteins are found embedded within the plasma membrane, with some extending all the way through in order to transport materials.

Carbohydrates are attached to proteins and lipids on the outer lipid layer.

 

B. CYTOPLASM

Structure - The jelly-like substance composed of mainly water and found between the cell membrane and nucleus. The cytoplasm makes up most of the "body" of a cell and is constantly streaming.

Function - Organelles are found here and substances like salts may be dissolved in the cytoplasm.

 

C. NUCLEUS

Structure - The largest organelle in the cell. It is dark and round, and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope/membrane. In spots the nuclear envelope fuses to form pores which are selectively permeable. The nucleus contains genetic information (DNA) on special strands called chromosomes. 

Function - The nucleus is the "control center" of the cell, for cell metabolism and reproduction.

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